Chapter 2

LEAVING THE PALACE

(Rời hoàng cung)

UNIT 6:

THE ROYAL PLEASURES PALACE

(Hoàng cung vui thú)

Despite his father's best intentions, Prince Siddhartha discovered the true nature of the human’s life. During an excursion outside the palace walls, he saw things that caused him to think deeply about all the suffering in the world. He knew then that he would have to radically change his life in order to find the answers he was looking for.

To stop the prince from thinking about leaving home, King Suddhodana built a pleasure palace for Siddhartha and Yasodhara. Dancers and singers entertained them day and night, and only young people were allowed into the palace. The king did not want Siddhartha to know that everybody gets sick, grows old and will die. But the prince was not happy. He wanted to know what was the life of the people living outside the palace walls.

NEW WORDS

despite /dI'spaIt/ preposition: mặc dù, bất chấp

• Despite the cold wind, the monks went out without their coats.

(Dù cơn gió lạnh, các tăng sĩ vẫn đi mà không có áo khoác.)

intention /In'ten.ò∂n/ noun: ý định

• He's full of good intentions and he does all for them! [C]

(Ngài có đủ thiện ý và làm mọi điều vì chúng sinh.)

true /tru:/ adjective [before noun] -r, -st: đúng, có thật

• He claims to know the true identity of life.

(Ngài cho biết mình đã rõ lẽ thật của cuộc đời.)

nature /'neI.tò∂r, -tò∂`/ noun [U not after the]: thiên nhiên, tính chất, bản chất

• He's very interested in nature of truth.

(Ngài rất quan tâm đến bản chất của sự thật.)

human /'hju:.m∂n/ adjective: thuộc về loài người, chúng sinh

• The fault was due to human error.

(Lỗi này là do con người.)

condition /k∂n'dIò.∂n/ noun [U]: điều kiện, tình trạng

• His condition is improving after having a bowl of milk.

(Tình hình của ngài tiến triển sau khi dùng bát sữa.)

excursion /Ik'sk∂:.ò∂n, - ʒ∂n, -'sk∂:r-/ noun [C]: chuyến tham quan

• Next week they're going on an excursion out of the palace.

(Tuần tới họ định tham quan ngoài cung điện)

cause /kɔ:z/ noun, verb: gây ra, nguyên nhân

• Devils had been the cause of all troubles. [C]

(Điềm xấu là nguyên nhân mọi rắc rối.)

deeply /'di:.plI/ adverb: một cách sâu xa

• They’re deeply grateful to Buddha.

(Họ rất biết ơn Đức Phật.)

suffering /'sLf.∂r.Iη, "-∂`-/ noun: nỗi khổ, phiền não

• The war will cause human suffering. [U]

(Chiến tranh sẽ gây đau khổ cho nhân loại.)

radically /'ræd.I.kli/ adverb: hoàn hảo

• The mind has changed radically as a result of the increased use of meditation systems.

(Chuyển tâm khả quan là nhờ gia tăng dùng biện pháp thiền định.)

in order to /'ɔ:.d∂r, 'ɔ:r.d∂`/ prep: để mà

• Correction in mind is the way in order to become a good person.

(Chỉnh tâm là cách để thành người tốt.)

looking for /lUkIη/ verb [T]: tìm kiếm

• He's looking for the truth.

(Ngài đang tìm kiếm chân lý.)

pleasure /'pleʒ.∂r, -∂`/ noun: dục lạc

• His visits used to give the king such pleasure. [U]

(Chuyến viếng thăm của ngài từng làm cho vua vui thích.)

Yasodhara (n): Da-du-đà-la

entertain /en.t∂'teIn, -∂`-/ verb: tiêu khiển

• He hired a magician to entertain the prince at the party. [T]

(Ông thuê một vị phù thủy để giúp vui thái tử lúc dự tiệc.)

allow /∂'laU/ verb [T]: cho phép

• People must not be allowed these temporary problems to affect the prince.

(Không ai được phép gây rắc rối ảnh hưởng đến thái tử.)

like /laIk/ preposition, conjunction: giống như

• He spoke like he was a sage.

(Ngài thuyết giảng như vị hiền triết.)

1. PRONUNCIATION

A. Sounds: Pick out one underlined sound different from the others

1. A. gets                        B. grows                C. singers
2. A. saw                        B. palace               C. walls
3. A. caused                  B. wanted             C. lived
4. A. nature                   B. stop                   C. built
5. A. pleasure                B. sick                   C. palace

B. Accent Marks: Pick out one word with different stress from the others

1. A. suffering       B. answers            C. entertained
2. A. despite           B. everybody        C. condition
3. A. allowed         B. outside             C. radically
4. A. excursion      B. happy               C. palace
5. A. intentions      B. discovered       C. Siddhartha

II. READING

A. Choose whether the statement is True or False

1. King Suddhodana got Prince Siddhartha to see the best.
2. After the trip, Siddhartha felt very happy.
3. His father wanted the couple to enjoy life beyond the palace.
4. Elderly people were allowed into the palace.
5. The prince wanted all to be happy.

B. Read and answer the following questions

1. What did his son find out?
2. What did he decide after the excursion?
3. Who entertained them?
4. Who get sick, grows old and will die?
5. What did he wonder?

III. BUDDHIST TERMS

A. Definition: Match the meaning of word below

B. Gap Filling: Try to fill these above words in the gap

[EXCURSION - RADICALLY - ENTERTAINED - IN ORDER NOT TO - PLEASURE - HUMAN - SUFFER - NATURE - CONDITION - CAUSE]

1. The ............. body is composed of 80% water.
2. Next week we're going on a/an ............. to the Buddhist relics.
3. Devadatta had been the ............. of the Buddha’s troubles.
4. It's terrible to see people ............. so much.
5. Your belief is not ............. different from my own.
6. I agreed to her suggestion ............. upset her.
7. The Bhuddha’s visit used to give his father such ..............
8. Siddhartha loved much of .............
9. Leaving the luxurious life, Siddhartha lived in bad ............. in the forest.
10. Suddhodana had his son ............. in the palace.

IV. GRAMMAR

A. Preposition: Fill in the blank with correct preposition

41.  Siddhartha was kept ............. three palaces

42.  Siddhartha was prevented ............. all commonplace things.

43.  Siddhartha lived ............. the luxury ............. his palaces.

44.  ............. the first time ............. his life, Siddhartha saw the dead.

45.  He came across a funeral ceremony ............. the side ............. a river.

B. Drills: Insert the right place of gerunds

1. The prince suggested Kapilavatthu. (leaving)
2. Siddhartha's life was known the most common outline of the nature. (being)
3. Siddhartha stopped his wealthy and pleasure life. (raising)
4. Yasodhara could not ban his the palace. (leaving)
5. People suffered from sick. (being)

V. WRITING

A. Transformation: Put the words in order of a complete sentence

1. their son’s excursion / The king / arranged / carefully.
2. not/ Siddhartha/ the kind of suffering/ should/ see.
3. was / his / Chandaka / and / squire / friend.
4. will / die / get / and / old / All / of / us / sick,.
5. The / had / to / humanity / undergo / suffering.

B. Sentence Making: Write sentences based on the cues and their translation

1. Siddhartha / grow up / be / strong / handsome / young man.
2. Siddhartha / see / four sights / sick man / poor man / beggar / corpse.
3. He / filled / sorrow / suffering.
4. Only beauty / health / surround / Siddhartha.

60. The prince / trained / arts / war.

UNIT 7:

THE FOUR SIGHTS

(Bốn cảnh khổ)

After some time the prince was not happy living in the palace. He wanted to go outside and see how other people lived. He went out with his attendant, Channa. They left the palace four times.

On the first trip, the prince saw an old man. He came to know that everyone had to grow old.

On the second trip, the prince saw a sick man. He came to know that everyone could get sick any time.

On the third trip, he saw a dead body. He knew that everyone would have to die one day.

On the fourth trip, the prince saw a monk who was happy and calm. He made up his mind to leave home so that he could help people to find peace and happiness.

NEW WORDS

outside /aUt'saId/ adverb [not gradable], preposition, adjective [not gradable]: bên ngoài

• It was a lovely day outside the palace.

(Một ngày thật đẹp bên ngoài cung điện.)

Channa (n): Xa-nặc

trip /trIp/ noun [C]: chuyến đi

•  I don't think we can afford a trip to India.

(Chắc tôi không đủ tiền đi Ấn Độ.)

body /'bɔd.i, 'bɔ:.di/ noun [C]: cơ thể, thân tứ đại

• Our body has earth, water, wind, and fire.

(Thân tứ đại của ta gồm đất, nước, gió, lửa)

monk /mLηk/ noun [C]: tu sĩ, tăng sĩ

•  Monks do not marry and usually live together in a monastery, esp. to pray, worship and study.

(Các tăng sĩ không được lập gia đình, thường sống chung trong tu viện, đặc biệt để cầu nguyện, thờ phượng, tu học.)

calm /kɑ:m/ adjective -er, -est: điềm tĩnh

• He has a very calm manner.

(Ngài có phong cách rất an lạc.)

made up one’s mind /maInd/ (v): quyết định

• His mind is made up.

(Ngài đã quyết định.)

help /help/ verb: cứu tế, hỗ trợ

• There are many ways that we can help with.

(Ta giúp người bằng nhiều cách.)

peace /pi:s/ noun [U]: an bình, thanh bình

• We all need peace.

(Mọi người chúng ta cần an bình.)

I. PRONUNCIATION

A. Sounds: Pick out one underlined sound different from the others

1. A. trip                      B. find                        C. mind
2. A. palace                 B. prince                    C. leave
3. A. dead                    B. peace                     C. left
4. A. home                   B. up                           C. monk
5. A. first                     B. other                      C. third

B. Accent Marks: Pick out one word with different stress from the others

1. A. attendant         B. happiness           C. body
2. A. second             B. people                C. outside
3. A. everybody       B. happy                  C. living
4. A. homeless         B. return                  C. palace
5. A. helpful             B. happily               C. thirteen

II. READING

A. Choose whether the statement is True or False

1. He would know happy lives in the royal building.
2. They were outside the palace many times.
3. People never become ill.
4. One who lives will die.
5. At last the prince saw a happy and helpless monk.

B. Read and answer the following questions

1. How was Siddhartha in the capital?
2. What was Channa?
3. What did the prince see at the beginning?
4. In what time did the prince see a sick man?
5. Why did he decide to go away?

III. BUDDHIST TERMS

A. Definition: Match the meaning of word below

 B. Gap Filling: Try to fill these words in the gap

DISCIPLE - ARAHANTHOOD - CHANNA - SERVANT - ENLIGHTENED - SIGHTS - MONK - CALM - BUDDHA - SANGHA

31. The prince was not ............. living in the palace.

32. Prince Siddhartha was to become the ..............

33. Channa became a ............. of the Buddha.

34. Channa achieved .............

35.  Channa was a ............. in the court of King Suddhodarna.

36. Channa explained the ............. of an elderly man, a sick person, a dead person.

37. Siddhartha ............. as Gautama Buddha.

38. Channa became a Buddhist ..............

39. Channa joined the ..............

40. ............. eventually became an arahant.

IV. GRAMMAR

A. Preposition: Fill in the blank with correct preposition

41.  ............. Theravada Buddhism, bhikkhu is the term ............. monk.

42.  Channa was a servant ............. the court ............. King Suddhodarna.

43.  Channa was entrusted ............. attend ............. the needs ............. Siddhartha.

44.  Channa served ............. the charioteer pulled ............. the horse Kanthaka.

45.  Channa was entrusted ............. Siddhartha ............. accompany him ............. his escape ............. the palace.

B. CLAUSES

Drills: Fill in the blanks with the following connectives

THAT - WHO - AFTER - SO - THAT - WHO

46.  The Buddha said ............. we live in suffering world.

47.  Siddhartha ............. saw the Four sights met his subjects in the Sakya capital Kapilavastu.

48.  ............. Siddhartha had reached the destination, he compelled Channa to return the palace.

49.  Channa guided him ............. he arrived at the edge of the Anoma River.

50.  The monks ............. live in monasteries have an important function in traditional Asian society.

V. WRITING

A. Transformation: Put the words in order of a complete sentence

1. Monks / Channa / abused / other / the.
2. A / become / Buddhist / candidate / wishes / to / monk.
3. Both bhikkhus / in the morning / and samaneras / eat only.
4. forbid / their rules / of money / the use.
5. The third / of the Triple Gem / of Buddha, Dhamma, Sangha/ the monks / are

B. Sentence Making: Write sentences based on the cues and their translation

1. Channa / learn / decree.
2. Channa / feel / remorse / behaviour.
3. local people / give food / monks / eat.
4. monks / be / part / Sangha.
5. monks / nuns / form / Sangha.